Why younger women are more exposed to risk of blood clots, whether or not they're vaccinated
* J&J's
COVID-19 vaccine distribution is paused after reports of 6 rare, severe blood
clots.
* The clots, seen
with another blood condition, aren't an equivalent as those linked to
contraception .
* The contraception
pill and pregnancy play into younger women's higher risk of blood clots.
The US rollout of
Johnson & Johnson's COVID-19 vaccine is on pause as experts evaluate six
cases of severe blood clots within the brain possibly linked to the shots.
It's unclear if the
vaccines cause these clots or if it's just a coincidence.
On one hand, the
sort of grume seen in conjunction with another blood condition within the six
J&J cases is so rare within the general population its prevalence is
unknown. That raises red flags that the shot could play a task .
Why younger women
are more exposed to risk of blood clots, whether or not they're vaccinated
Similarly, most
grume cases that occurred after AstraZeneca's COVID-19 vaccine in Europe were
in women under 55. the ecu Medicines Agency has said the shots themselves
weren't the cause.
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Young women are at
a better risk of developing certain sorts of blood clots no matter their
vaccine status, Mary Cushman, a professor of drugs at the University of
Vermont's Larner College of drugs , told Insider. Hormonal contraception and
pregnancy may play a task during this elevated risk.
Birth control pills
and pregnancy both increase the danger of blood clots
Young women are at
a comparatively high risk for blood clots since they're presumably to require
the contraception pill or get pregnant, which both increase the chances of
developing a clot, Cushman told Insider.
Estrogen, a steroid
hormone that's in most oral contraceptives and spikes during pregnancy, is one
reason for that elevated risk, Insider previously reported. The hormone has
also been found to affect how immune cells answer flu vaccines.
Specifically, the
US Food and Drug Administration estimates that between 3 and 9 out of 10,000
women who take certain contraception pills will develop a grume annually ,
compared to 1 to five women per 10,000 who don't have risk factors for blood
clots.
The risk of getting
a grume as a side effect of the pill is above the likelihood of clotting thanks
to the vaccine. Scientists have known about this risk factor for many years ,
however, it's still rare, as a recent TikTok video acknowledged .
"Millions of
girls everywhere take the pill , and amongst the many side effects that
accompany the pill - one among which is death - there is a 6 in 10,000 chance
of getting a grume ," TikToker alysselizabeth said within the video.
Still, the danger
of clotting post-vaccine versus the danger associated with contraception isn't
an apples-to-apples comparison. There's much more data on birth control-associated
clots, but tons of it's flawed and outdated. Plus, the precise sort of brain
clots seen after J&J vaccine, also as its presentation with low platelet
count, differentiates them from the clots commonest among contraception pill
users.
"This may be a
different clinical entity than blood clots related to oral
contraceptives," Dr. Melanie Swift, co-chair of the Mayo Clinic COVID-19
Vaccine Allocation and Distribution Work Group, told Insider.
There are other
risk factors for blood clots - including COVID-19
Obesity and genetic
factors also can increase someone's risk of developing a grume , Cushman said.
Physical activity and other healthy lifestyle choices can help manage that
risk.
"It's always
really important to remain active, avoid sedentary time, keep to a healthy
weight, and have a healthy diet," Cushman said. "And if you're using
an pill , or if you've got obesity, maybe just ratchet up your awareness a
touch bit, but don't avoid the shot."
She added that
COVID-19 has been linked to deadly blood clots, too - so getting vaccinated
will help prevent clots by lowering your chance of getting sick from the
coronavirus.
"The bottom
line is that the danger of adverse health consequences from COVID-19 far
outweighs any risk of the shot," Cushman said.
Added Swift:
"I would tell everyone to possess confidence within the vaccine safety
monitoring system within the US. What a tremendous feat to possess detected a
sign of only 6 people among millions. ... We don't want this point out for one
brand of vaccine to stall vaccination efforts overall because that might end in
more needless lives lost to the pandemic."
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